Jatropha multifida — an easy houseplant, prefers full sun light
SPECIMEN · FROM THE LIBRARY
Jatropha multifida

Jatropha Multifida

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Jatropha multifida, commonly known as coral plant or physic nut, is a tropical shrub or small tree belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. Native to Central and South America, it has also been introduced and naturalized in various other parts of the world.

This plant can grow up to 6 meters tall and typically has a spreading habit with multiple stems. Its large, lobed leaves are bright green with striking red veins, providing an attractive appearance. Small but numerous, the red or pinkish-red flowers are arranged in clusters at the ends of branches.

Jatropha multifida is renowned for its medicinal properties; its leaves have been traditionally used to treat ailments such as fever, coughs, wounds, and skin infections. Additionally, the seeds contain oil that can be used to produce soap or biofuel.

The plant thrives in well-drained soils with plenty of sunlight but can also tolerate partial shade. It requires moderate watering during dry periods.

Overall, Jatropha multifida is an attractive ornamental shrub with practical uses, including medicinal applications and oil production. Its hardiness against pests and diseases makes it a valuable addition to any garden or farm, offering benefits beyond mere aesthetics.

A note from PlantMom

The coral plant is fairly resistant to disease and generally does not tend to get sick. Regarding care, this plant is relatively low-maintenance. When grown outdoors it needs only minimal watering, and larger specimens typically do not require pruning. Smaller plants, however, should be pruned after they have finished blooming. The coral plant is appropriate for anyone with outdoor space, such as a garden or a deck, and does not demand extensive plant-care experience.

— PlantMom
CARE GUIDE

How to keep Jatropha Multifida.

Light

Coral plant prefers abundant sunlight throughout the day. It can tolerate reduced light, though this can slow its growth. The medium it grows in resembles its native habitat, which receives plenty of sunlight. Excessive sun can cause wilting, while insufficient sun produces less vibrant growth.

Water

The coral plant comes from tropical regions, where it prefers high humidity and warmth. It grows best in evenly moist, well-drained soil and generally needs watering every 1-2 weeks. During its active growing season, it benefits from more frequent watering to support its vibrant flowering. This makes it a popular choice for ornamental outdoor settings.

Humidity

This plant needs special care because it loves high humidity levels of 60-80% or more. The best way to achieve this is by placing a humidifier near the plant. Daily misting is also essential! Make sure the room has good ventilation.

Temperature

The coral plant originates from warm regions and prefers temperatures between 68 and 100 °F (20 and 38 ℃). If temperatures fall below that range, seasonal adjustments may be required to provide extra warmth and promote growth.

Fertilizer

The best time to fertilize a Coral plant is in early spring when it breaks dormancy. This supports overall growth and the development of flowers. Fertilization improves the foliage, stems, and branches, while encouraging flowers that are larger, more vibrant, and longer-lasting. It helps move nutrients from the roots to the blooms and enhances the plant's health and resistance to disease.

Pruning

The coral plant is known for its vibrant flowers and striking foliage. To keep it healthy and thriving, prune it during its dormant period, which is from early to late winter. When pruning, remove any dead branches and thin out overcrowded areas to improve light and air circulation. Proper pruning encourages denser growth and more abundant flowers, resulting in a healthier plant.

Pot & Repot

Repot the coral plant every 2 to 3 years in early spring. Use a large container with good drainage to accommodate its robust root system. After repotting, place the plant in partial shade and ensure it receives consistent moisture. Be sure to handle the coral plant carefully during this process, as it can be sensitive.

CHARACTERISTICS

Botanical profile.

Plant Type
Tree, Shrub
Life Cycle
Perennial
Genus
Jatropha
Family
Euphorbiaceae
Hardiness Zone
10-12
Mature Height
1.83 m to 3.05 m
Mature Spread
3.96 m
Leaf Color
Green
Leaf Type
Evergreen
Flower Color
Red
Flower Size
2.03 cm
Bloom Time
Early spring, Late summer, Fall, Winter
Planting Time
Spring, Autumn
Harvest Time
Early spring, Mid spring, Fall, Winter
Native Area
Colombia, Cuba, Venezuela
ALSO KNOWN AS

Other names.

en Coral Bush en Coralplant en French physicnut en Spanish physicnut en St. Vincent physicnut en Coral tree en Physic nut en Tentir
FREQUENTLY ASKED

Reader questions.

How should I water my Coral plant in the best way?

Caring for your Coral plant is easy when it comes to watering. You can use any regular watering tool, like a watering can, hose, or even a cup, to moisten the soil. Just make sure to water directly on the soil and evenly distribute the water to all areas to ensure the entire root system gets enough. Using filtered water is recommended to avoid harmful particles from tap water, and slightly warm or room temperature water is best as extreme temperatures can shock the plant. But don't worry, the Coral plant is generally adaptable and will respond well to different types of water.

Why is it necessary to fertilize my Coral plant?

Coral plants need regular fertilization because their showy leaves require a lot of energy to produce and maintain. However, they also need energy for the growth of their stems, branches, roots, and other important structures. Neglecting fertilization can lead to two likely outcomes. Firstly, the leaves will lose their natural color and texture, making the plant appear unhealthy and less visually appealing. Secondly, the overall growth of the plant will slow down or become weak, increasing the risk of breakage.

What are the sunlight requirements for Coral plants?

Coral plants exhibit a preference for substantial exposure to sunlight, ideally thriving in full sun conditions, which means they require above 6 hours of sunlight daily. They can also manage in partial sun, receiving about 3-6 hours of sunlight. It's crucial to note that while Coral plants can adapt to varying sunlight conditions, less exposure can slow down their growth. Overexposure can lead to wilting, and underexposure may result in less vibrant growth. Observing how sunlight moves through your garden can help you identify spots that offer a balance of light and shade, ensuring your Coral plants stay healthy and happy.

What is the native climate for Coral plant?

The Coral plant, known botanically as Jatropha multifida, thrives in warm regions and prefers temperatures ranging from 68 to 100°F (20 to 38°C). It is extremely heat-loving, and cold temperatures can harm it. To stimulate growth, it's important to maintain temperatures above 20°C, especially during winter, and avoid letting them approach 5°C.

What should I do if I give my Coral plant too much or too little water?

When it comes to outdoor plants, especially new ones or seedlings, they can often suffer from not being watered enough. It's important to remember to water them regularly for the first few months, especially when the plant is still small or recently planted. Once the roots are established, the plant can usually rely on rainwater most of the time. When you have a Coral plant in a pot, the opposite problem can occur - overwatering. If you accidentally overwater your Coral plant, it's important to act quickly to fix the situation. First, stop watering the plant immediately to minimize the effects of overwatering. Next, take the plant out of its pot and check the roots. If you don't see any signs of root rot, you can put the plant back in its container. However, if you do find root rot, remove the affected roots and consider using a fungicide to prevent further damage. Lastly, repot the Coral plant in well-draining soil. On the other hand, if you underwater your Coral plant, the solution is simple - water it more frequently. If you notice the leaves drooping, drying out, or falling off, this is a sign of underwatering. Once you water it enough, the leaves should return to fullness quickly. Make sure to adjust your watering schedule as soon as you notice underwatering happening.

When should I fertilize my Coral plant?

The Coral plant can benefit from occasional feedings, so there's no need for a fixed feeding schedule when planting this type of plant. You can easily fertilize it by applying the fertilizer when you water the plant occasionally. During the growing season, the Coral plant requires a good amount of water. It is recommended to feed the plant once every two to three weeks consistently while it is producing new growth.

How can artificial lighting supplement sunlight for Coral plants?

Indoor Coral plants can benefit greatly from artificial lighting, especially when natural sunlight is scarce, such as in winter or less sunny spaces. LED lights are recommended for their ability to provide specific wavelengths needed for optimal plant growth. For full sun plants, 30-50W per square foot is ideal; partial sun plants do well with 20-30W per square foot, and full shade plants need about 10-20W per square foot. The artificial light source should be positioned 12-36 inches above the plant to mimic natural sunlight closely. To ensure healthy growth, mimic natural daylight hours as closely as possible, with most plants requiring 8-12 hours of light per day.

What should I do with my Coral plant in autumn and winter?

In autumn, it's recommended to bring outdoor-grown Coral plants indoors to protect them from cold temperatures. Placing them near a bright window while keeping them at a certain distance from heaters can help maintain the ideal temperature above 20°C. This adjustment ensures the plant continues to grow well during colder seasons.

How frequently should I give water to my Coral plant?

Most outdoor plants can grow naturally with rainfall. But if you live in an area with little rainfall, you'll need to water your plants every two weeks in spring and fall, and more often in the summer. In winter, when growth is slower, water less frequently. Young or newly planted Coral plants need more water to establish themselves, but mature plants are more adaptable and drought-tolerant. For potted plants, you have two options for determining watering frequency. One is to stick to a schedule, like once a week or every other week. However, this may not always work because it doesn't take into account the specific conditions of your plant's environment. The other option is to check the soil moisture. Wait until the top two to four inches of soil have dried out before watering again. This method is particularly important during the summer when plants need more water.

When is the best time to not fertilize my Coral plant?

For most of the year, you can follow a regular fertilization schedule for your Coral plant. This includes the active growing seasons of spring, summer, and early fall. However, during the winter, it's important to refrain from fertilizing the plant. During this time, the Coral plant goes into a dormant growth phase where there is little to no new growth. Since the plant is using less energy during this phase, fertilization is unnecessary.

What are some symptoms of insufficient light in Coral plants?

When Coral plants receive inadequate light, especially indoors during winter, several symptoms can manifest. These include smaller new leaves compared to older ones, leggy or sparse growth, quickened leaf drop, cessation of new growth, pale new leaves due to insufficient chlorophyll and nutrients (indicating irregular color patterns), chlorosis (leaves turning yellow as chlorophyll breaks down), sunscald (leaf and stem damage from intense light), leaf curling (to minimize water loss and damage), wilting (turgor pressure loss causing drooping), and leaf scorching (brown, dry, crispy leaf edges from excessive sunlight). These symptoms can significantly affect the plant's photosynthetic capacity and overall health.

How does low temperature affect Coral plant and what are the solutions?

Coral plants are not tolerant of low temperatures and thrive best above 20°C. When temperatures fall below 1°C, the leaves may lighten in color, leading to gradual color changes to brown or black, accompanied by wilting and drooping from frost damage. To counteract low temperature damage, trim off the frost-damaged parts and immediately move the plant to a warm environment. Positioning the plant near a south-facing window ensures ample sunlight while avoiding placement near heaters or air conditioning vents to prevent air dryness.

PLATES
Jatropha multifida leaf
PLATE 01 · leaf
Jatropha multifida leaf
PLATE 02 · leaf
Jatropha multifida flower
PLATE 03 · flower
Jatropha multifida flower
PLATE 04 · flower
Jatropha multifida fruit
PLATE 05 · fruit
Jatropha multifida fruit
PLATE 06 · fruit
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