Bitter orange, Seville orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange is the citrus tree Citrus × aurantium and its fruit. It is native to Southeast Asia and has been spread by humans to many parts of the world. It is probably a cross between the pomelo, Citrus maxima, and the mandarin orange, Citrus reticulata.
Bitter Orange: The Latin word "citrus" refers to the citron tree, while "aurantium" means golden. The Moors introduced the bitter orange to Spain in the 9th or 10th century. It was cultivated in Seville, the cultural center for the Arabs in the region, which is why it is also known as the Seville orange.
Bitter orange has a fairly high level of disease resistance and is generally not prone to illnesses. Still, if the plant is kept in poor conditions it can become more vulnerable to disease. It also experiences few insect pest problems. Care-wise, this plant has moderate requirements. It needs plenty of sunlight, because inadequate light can make it more susceptible to disease and cause spindly growth. Since it is frequently kept indoors, it may need to be moved regularly to a bright spot. It does not need frequent watering. Overall, Bitter orange is suitable for most people, though it is best for those who can provide good light conditions.
How to keep Citrus Ux Aurantium.
Light
The bitter orange plant flourishes when exposed to ample sunlight daily, yet it can also adjust to spaces with lower light exposure. However, insufficient light might have a negative impact on the plant's health. As its natural habitat is generally bathed in bountiful sunlight, similar lighting conditions are beneficial for its development.
Water
Bitter orange comes from a subtropical climate and thrives in humid conditions. While it has moderate drought tolerance, it prefers consistent moisture and should be watered every 1-2 weeks. However, during dormancy, it is sensitive to overwatering, which can lead to root rot if moisture levels are not properly managed.
Humidity
This plant will thrive in moderate humidity, which is probably the level in your home. However, misting it a few times a week can be very beneficial. Make sure the room has good ventilation.
Temperature
The bitter orange thrives in balmy weather conditions ranging from 68 to 100 ℉ (20 to 38 ℃). It naturally grows in subtropical to tropical areas where the winter temperatures are above 50 ℉ (10 ℃). When it comes to cooler climates, it's recommended to relocate potted plants inside during the winter season.
Fertilizer
Opt for organic fertilizers, like fish emulsion or compost, instead of synthetic ones for Bitter orange. Supply younger plants with more nitrogen and phosphorus during the spring season. Incorporate compost or fertilizer either before or after planting. For established plants, add balanced or specific fertilizer to address deficiencies in spring. Lack of nutrients can result in small leaves, shorter branches, leaves that are yellow or bronze, more acidic fruits, early fruit drop, and fruit splitting.
Pruning
Bitter orange, known for its aromatic fruit and glossy leaves, benefits greatly from pruning in early spring. During this time, you should trim the tree to shape it, remove any dead wood, and manage vigorous shoots. This helps enhance sunlight exposure and air circulation, which in turn improves fruit quality and yield while reducing the risk of disease. Regular pruning is essential for maintaining a healthy plant.
Pot & Repot
During the repotting of Bitter orange, select a container that is 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) wider, ensuring it has plentiful drainage. Opt for a potting mixture that drains well. Carry out the repotting process during spring or autumn, making sure the root ball is positioned marginally below the flower pot's edge. After you've finished repotting, water the plant abundantly, then situate it in a warm location where it can enjoy indirect sunlight.
Toxicity
Avoid eating raw bitter oranges. They contain active ingredients that affect your blood circulatory and nervous systems. The plant is toxic to animals like dogs, cats, and horses. The fruit is edible.
Further reading →
The toxicity and danger assessments provided are for reference only. We do not assure their accuracy, so it's crucial not to depend on them. Seek professional advice when necessary for accurate guidance.
Botanical profile.
- Plant Type
- Shrub
- Life Cycle
- Perennial
- Genus
- Citrus
- Family
- Rutaceae
- Hardiness Zone
- 9-11
- Mature Height
- 6.1 m to 9.14 m
- Mature Spread
- 6.1 m
- Leaf Color
- Green
- Leaf Type
- Evergreen
- Flower Color
- White
- Flower Size
- 2.03 cm to 3.56 cm
- Bloom Time
- Late spring, Early summer
- Planting Time
- Spring, Autumn
- Harvest Time
- Mid summer, Late summer, Fall, Winter
- Native Area
- Southeast Asia
Other names.
